Android SDK quickstart

26 min

Part 1: Create a sample app

1. Get a free account

You need an Optimizely account to follow this guide. If you do not have an account, you can register for a free account. If you already have an account, navigate to your Feature Experimentation project.

2. Get your SDK key

To find your SDK Key in your Optimizely project:

Go to Settings > Environments.

Copy and save the SDK Key for your primary environment.

Important Each environment has its own SDK key. Ensure you copy the correct key.

sdk_key.png

3. Copy the sample code

To try out the Android SDK:

In Android Studio, create a new Project, Empty activity android project called optimizely-android-quickstart with com.example.optimizely_android_quickstart as Package Name.

Install the Optimizely Feature Experimentation Android SDK.

In build.gradle (Project), add MavenCentral to repositories.

repositories {
	mavenCentral()
        google()
        jcenter()

}

In build.gradle (Module), add Optimizely Android SDK dependency and sync gradle by clicking Sync Now.

dependencies {
	implementation 'com.optimizely.ab:android-sdk:+'
}

The Android SDK is distributed through MavenCentral. The full source code is available on GitHub.

Copy the following code sample into the MainActivity.java file for your app.

Replace <Your_SDK_Key> with the SDK key you found in a previous step.

package com.example.optimizely_android_quickstart;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.PersistableBundle;
import android.util.Log;

import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import com.optimizely.ab.OptimizelyUserContext;
import com.optimizely.ab.android.sdk.OptimizelyManager;
import com.optimizely.ab.android.sdk.OptimizelyClient;
import com.optimizely.ab.config.parser.JsonParseException;
import com.optimizely.ab.optimizelydecision.OptimizelyDecision;

import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    OptimizelyManager optimizelyManager;

    String SDK_KEY = "Your_SDK_Key";
    String LOG_TAG = "OPTIMIZELY_QUICK_START";

    private TimerTask task = new DatafilePoller();

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        task.cancel();
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState, @Nullable PersistableBundle persistentState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        // this Optimizely initialization is synchronous. for other methods see the Android SDK reference
        //Initializing Optimizely Manager
        optimizelyManager = OptimizelyManager.builder()
            .withSDKKey(SDK_KEY)
            .build(this);

        Timer timer = new Timer();
        long intervalPeriod = 1000;
        // schedules the task to be run in an interval
        timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(task, 0,
            intervalPeriod);
    }


    private void runQuickStart(String datafile) {
        // Initialize optimizelyClient
        OptimizelyClient optimizelyClient = optimizelyManager.initialize(this, datafile);
        if (optimizelyClient.isValid()) {
            /* --------------------------------
             * to get rapid demo results, generate random users. Each user always sees the same variation unless you reconfigure the flag rule.
             * --------------------------------
             */
            Random rnd = new Random();

            boolean hasOnFlags = false;

            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                String userId = (rnd.nextInt(9999 - 1000) + 1000) + "";
          /* --------------------------------
             Create hardcoded user & bucket user into a flag variation
             --------------------------------
          */
                OptimizelyUserContext user = optimizelyClient.createUserContext(userId);
                // "product_sort" corresponds to a flag key in your Optimizely project
                OptimizelyDecision decision = user.decide("product_sort");
                // did decision fail with a critical error?
                if (decision.getVariationKey() == null) {
                    Log.e(LOG_TAG, "\n\ndecision error: " + decision.getReasons());
                }
                // get a dynamic configuration variable
                // "sort_method" corresponds to a variable key in your Optimizely project
                String sortMethod = null;
                try {
                    sortMethod = decision.getVariables().getValue("sort_method", String.class);
                }  catch (JsonParseException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

                if (decision.getEnabled()) {
                    // Keep count how many users had the flag enabled
                    hasOnFlags = true;
                }
	              /* --------------------------------
                   Mock what the user sees with print statements (in production, use flag variables to implement feature configuration)
                   --------------------------------
                */
                // always returns false until you enable a flag rule in your Optimizely project
                Log.d(LOG_TAG, "\n\nFlag " + (decision.getEnabled()? "on": "off") + ". User number " + user.getUserId() + " saw flag variation: " + decision.getVariationKey() + " and got products sorted by: " + sortMethod + " config variable as part of flag rule: " + decision.getRuleKey());

            }

            if (!hasOnFlags) {
                Log.d(LOG_TAG, "\n\nFlag was off for everyone. Some reasons could include:" +
                    "\n1. Your sample size of users was too small. Rerun, or increase the iterations in the FOR loop" +
                    "\n2. By default you have 2 keys for 2 project environments (dev/prod). Verify in Settings>Environments that you used the right key for the environment where your flag is toggled to ON." +
                    "\nCheck your key at  https://app.optimizely.com/v2/projects/" + optimizelyClient.getProjectConfig().getProjectId() + "/settings/implementation");
            }
        } else {
            Log.d(LOG_TAG, "Optimizely client invalid. Verify in Settings>Environments that you used the primary environment's SDK key");
        }
    }



    /**
     * Downloads latest datafile from DATAFILE_URL. Then verify and call {@link MainActivity#runQuickStart(String)} (String)} if datafile got updated.
     * Fetch any datafile changes, which result from configuration updates you make to traffic percentage sliders, flag variable values, etc.
     */
    public class DatafilePoller extends TimerTask {
        static final String DATAFILE_URL = "https://cdn.optimizely.com/datafiles/%s.json";
        private String currentDatafile = "";

        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                BufferedInputStream in = new BufferedInputStream(new URL(String.format(DATAFILE_URL, SDK_KEY)).openStream());
                byte[] contents = new byte[1024];

                int bytesRead;
                String latestDatafile = "";
                while ((bytesRead = in.read(contents)) != -1) {
                    latestDatafile += new String(contents, 0, bytesRead);
                }
                if (!currentDatafile.equals(latestDatafile)) {
                    currentDatafile = latestDatafile;
                    runQuickStart(currentDatafile);
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

}

Note Do not run your app yet, because you still need to configure the flag in the Optimizely application.

Part 2: Run your app

After completing Part 1, your app does nothing. You need to create a flag and a flag rule in the Optimizely app to enable the app.

1. Create the feature flag

A flag lets you control the users that are exposed to new code in your application. For this quickstart, imagine that you are rolling out a redesigned sorting feature for displaying products.

Create a flag in your Feature Experimentation project named product_sort and give it a variable named sort_method:

Select Create New Flag... from the Flags tab.

Enter product_sort in the Name field.

Keep the auto-created Key, product_sort, and click Create Flag. The Key corresponds to the flag key in your sample app.

Next, create a variable in your flag:

In your new flag, product_sort, under Flag Setup, go to Variables and click Add Variable (+).

Select String in the Add Variable drop-down.

Enter sort_method for the Variable Key, which corresponds to the variable key in your sample app.

Enter alphabetical for the Default Value, which represents your old sorting method. The new sorting method is what you are rolling out.

Click Save.

Next, create a variation in your flag:

Under Flag Setup go to Variations and select the On variation. A variation is a wrapper for a collection of variable values.

For the sort_method variable value, enter popular_first, which represents your new sorting method.

Click Save.

2. Create the flag delivery rule

Your sample app still does nothing because you need to create and enable a flag rule.

Make a targeted delivery rule for the On variation for the product_sort flag. A targeted delivery lets you gradually release a feature flag to users but with the flexibility to roll it back if you encounter bugs.

Ensure you are in your primary environment (because you are using the primary environment SDK key from Part 1).

Click Add Rule and select Targeted Delivery.

Enter Targeted Delivery for the Name field.

Keep the default Key and Audiences.

Set the Traffic Allocation slider to 50%. This delivers the product_sort flag to 50% of everyone who triggers the flag in this environment. You can roll out or roll back the product_sort flag to a percentage of traffic whenever you want.

From the Deliver drop-down list, select the On variation.

Click Save.

3. Run your sample app

To run your sample application:

Click Run on your targeted delivery rule:

Click Ok on the Ready to Run Status page. This lets you know that your ruleset has not been set to run, yet.

Click Run on your ruleset (flag):

In Android studio, click Run for the sample app you created earlier. Output appears similar to the following in the logcat:

Flag on. User number 6998 saw flag variation: on and got products sorted by: popular_first config variable as part of flag rule: targeted_delivery

Flag on. User number 1177 saw flag variation: on and got products sorted by: popular_first config variable as part of flag rule: targeted_delivery

Flag on. User number 9714 saw flag variation: on and got products sorted by: popular_first config variable as part of flag rule: targeted_delivery

Flag on. User number 4140 saw flag variation: on and got products sorted by: popular_first config variable as part of flag rule: targeted_delivery

Flag on. User number 4994 saw flag variation: on and got products sorted by: popular_first config variable as part of flag rule: targeted_delivery

Flag off. User number 8700 saw flag variation: off and got products sorted by: alphabetical config variable as part of flag rule: default-rollout-208-19963693913

Flag off. User number 9912 saw flag variation: off and got products sorted by: alphabetical config variable as part of flag rule: default-rollout-208-19963693913

Flag on. User number 6560 saw flag variation: on and got products sorted by: popular_first config variable as part of flag rule: targeted_delivery

Flag on. User number 9252 saw flag variation: on and got products sorted by: popular_first config variable as part of flag rule: targeted_delivery

Flag on. User number 6582 saw flag variation: on and got products sorted by: popular_first config variable as part of flag rule: targeted_delivery

Note You will not get exactly 50% of your user traffic in the On variation, because you are working with a small number of users. Also, the users who got an "off" flag did not make it into the 50% traffic you set, so they fell through to the default "Off" rule (default-rollout in the logcat print statements).

4. How it works

So far, you have:

Created a flag, flag variable, and a flag variation (wrapper for your variables) in the Optimizely application.

Implemented a flag in your application with the Decide method from the Android SDK.

What is going on in your sample app?

How it works: decide to show a user a flag

The Android SDK’s Decide method determines whether to show or hide the feature flag for a specific user.

Note You can reuse this method for different flag rules—whether for delivering more traffic, or running an experiment to show different sorting methods to just a portion of users.

After you learn which sorting method works best to increase sales, roll out the product sort flag to all traffic with the method set to the optimum value.

In your sample app:

OptimizelyUserContext user = optimizelyClient.createUserContext(userId);
// "product_sort" corresponds to the flag key you create in the Optimizely app
OptimizelyDecision decision = user.decide("product_sort");

Note Optionally include attributes when you create your user (not shown in your sample app ), so that you can target specific audiences. For example:

Map attributes = new HashMap<String, Object>();
attributes.put("logged_in", true);
OptimizelyUserContext user = optimizelyClient.createUserContext("user123", attributes);

How it works: configure flag variations

You can dynamically configure a flag variation using flag variables. In your sample app:

// always returns false until you enable a flag rule in the Optimizely app
if (decision.getEnabled()) {
  // "sort_method" corresponds to variable key you define in Optimizely app
  String sortMethod = decision.getVariables().getValue("sort_method", String.class);
	Log.d(LOG_TAG, "sort_method: "+ sortMethod.toString());
}

For your product_sort flag, you can configure variations with different sort_method values, sorting by popular products, relevant products, promoted products, and so on. You can set different values for the sort method at any time in the Optimizely app.

Part 3: Run an A/B test

Part 2 of this tutorial guided you through a targeted delivery because it is the most straightforward flag rule. However, you often want to A/B test how users react to feature flag variations before you roll out a flag delivery.

Targeted delivery rule – You can roll out your flag to a percentage of your general user base (or to specific audiences), or roll back if you encounter bugs.

A/B test rule – Experiment by A/B testing a flag before you invest in delivering so you know what to build. Track how users behave in flag variations, then interpret your experiment results using the Optimizely Stats Engine.

For Part 3, you will run an A/B test on the On variation of your product_sort flag.

1. Add event tracking

You need to add a Track Event method to your sample app, so you can mock up user events and then see metrics.

Delete your old sample code, and paste the following code.

Replace your SDK key. See Get your SDK Key.

Do not run your app yet because you still need to configure the A/B test in the Optimizely application.

Note You also need to add implementation group: 'com.google.code.gson', name: 'gson', version: '2.8.6' dependency in gradle project as it is getting used in the given code.

package com.example.optimizely_android_quickstart;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;

import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import com.optimizely.ab.OptimizelyUserContext;
import com.optimizely.ab.android.sdk.OptimizelyClient;
import com.optimizely.ab.android.sdk.OptimizelyManager;
import com.optimizely.ab.optimizelydecision.OptimizelyDecision;

import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    OptimizelyManager optimizelyManager;

    String SDK_KEY = "YOUR_SDK_KEY";
    String LOG_TAG = "OPTIMIZELY_QUICK_START";

    private TimerTask task = new DatafilePoller();

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        task.cancel();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        // this Optimizely initialization is synchronous. for other methods see the Java SDK reference
        //Initializing Optimizely Manager
        optimizelyManager = OptimizelyManager.builder()
                .withSDKKey(SDK_KEY)
                .build(this);

        Timer timer = new Timer();
        long intervalPeriod = 1000;
        // schedules the task to be run in an interval
        timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(task, 0,
                intervalPeriod);
    }

    private void runQuickStart(String datafile) {
        OptimizelyClient optimizelyClient = optimizelyManager.initialize(this, datafile);
      	if (!optimizelyClient.isValid()) {
            Log.d(LOG_TAG,"Optimizely client invalid. Verify in Settings>Environments that you used the primary environment's SDK key");
            return;
        }  
        /* --------------------------------
         OPTIONAL: Add a notification listener so you can integrate with third-party analytics platforms
         --------------------------------
        */
      /*
        int notificationId = optimizelyClient.getNotificationCenter().addNotificationHandler(DecisionNotification.class, decisionNotification -> {
            if ("flag".equals(decisionNotification.getType())) {
                Gson gsonObj = new Gson();
                String serializedJsonInfo = gsonObj.toJson(decisionNotification.getDecisionInfo());
                Log.d(LOG_TAG,"Feature flag access related information: " + serializedJsonInfo);
                // Send data to analytics provider here
            }
        });
			*/
        /* --------------------------------
         * to get rapid demo experiment results, generate random users. Each user is deterministically hashed into a variation.
         * --------------------------------
         */
        Random rnd = new Random();
      	boolean hasOnFlags = false;
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            String userId = (rnd.nextInt(9999 - 1000) + 1000) + "";
        /* --------------------------------
           Bucket user into a flag variation and mock experiment results
           --------------------------------
        */
            OptimizelyUserContext user = optimizelyClient.createUserContext(userId);
            OptimizelyDecision decision = user.decide("product_sort");
            // did decision fail with a critical error?
            if (decision.getVariationKey() != null && !decision.getVariationKey().isEmpty()) {
                Log.d(LOG_TAG,"decision error: " + decision.getReasons());
            }
            Object sortMethod = decision.getVariables().toMap().get("sort_method");
            if (decision.getEnabled()) {
                hasOnFlags = true;
            }
          	Log.d(LOG_TAG, "\n\nFlag " + (decision.getEnabled()? "on": "off") + ". User number " + user.getUserId() + " saw flag variation: " + decision.getVariationKey() + " and got products sorted by: " + sortMethod + " config variable as part of flag rule: " + decision.getRuleKey());
            MockPurchase(user);
        }
      	if (!hasOnFlags) {
          	Log.d(LOG_TAG,"\n\nFlag was off for everyone. Some reasons could include:" +
                    "\n1. Your sample size of users was too small. Rerun, or increase the iterations in the FOR loop" +
                    "\n2. By default you have 2 keys for 2 project environments (dev/prod). Verify in Settings>Environments that you used the right key for the environment where your flag is toggled to ON." +
                    "\n\nCheck your key at  https://app.optimizely.com/v2/projects/" + optimizelyClient.getProjectConfig().getProjectId() + "/settings/implementation");
        } else {
     				Log.d(LOG_TAG,"\n\nDone with your mocked A/B test.");
        		Log.d(LOG_TAG,"Check out your report at  https://app.optimizely.com/v2/projects/" + optimizelyClient.getProjectConfig().getProjectId() + "/reports");
        		Log.d(LOG_TAG,"Be sure to select the environment that corresponds to your SDK key");
        }
    }

   	// mock tracking a user event so you can see some experiment reports
    void MockPurchase(OptimizelyUserContext user) {
        Log.d(LOG_TAG,"Pretend that user made a purchase? y/n ");
        Random rnd = new Random();
        int yesOrNo = rnd.nextInt(2);
        // Assigning random yes and no
        String answer = yesOrNo == 1? "y" : "n";
        Log.d(LOG_TAG, answer);
        if (answer.toLowerCase().equals("y")) {
            // track a user event you defined in the Optimizely app
            user.trackEvent("purchase");
            Log.d(LOG_TAG,"Optimizely recorded a purchase in experiment results for user " + user.getUserId());
        } else {
            Log.d(LOG_TAG,"Optimizely didn't record a purchase in experiment results  for user " + user.getUserId());
        }
    }
  
    /**
     * Downloads latest datafile from DATAFILE_URL. Then verify and call {@link MainActivity#runQuickStart(String)} (String)} if datafile got updated.
     * Fetch any datafile changes, which result from configuration updates you make to traffic percentage sliders, flag variable values, etc.
     */
    public class DatafilePoller extends TimerTask {
        static final String DATAFILE_URL = "https://cdn.optimizely.com/datafiles/%s.json";
        private String currentDatafile = "";

        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                BufferedInputStream in = new BufferedInputStream(new URL(String.format(DATAFILE_URL, SDK_KEY)).openStream());
                byte[] contents = new byte[1024];

                int bytesRead;
                String latestDatafile = "";
                while ((bytesRead = in.read(contents)) != -1) {
                    latestDatafile += new String(contents, 0, bytesRead);
                }
                if (!currentDatafile.equals(latestDatafile)) {
                    currentDatafile = latestDatafile;
                    runQuickStart(currentDatafile);
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

2. Delete other rules in free accounts

If you have a free Optimizely account, you need to pause the Targeted Delivery you created in Part 2 before you create your A/B test:

Select the flag that contains the Targeted Delivery you created in Part 2 from the Flags tab.

Select the primary environment and the Targeted Delivery rule you created in Part 2.

Click More Options > Delete:

Click Save.

3. Create the A/B test flag rule

To create an A/B Test rule in your Feature Experimentation project, in the flag you created in Part 2:

click Add Rule and select A/B Test.

Enter Experiment for the Name field.

Keep the default Key and Audiences

Keep the Traffic Allocation slider set to 100%.

4. Add an event

In an experiment, you track users' relevant actions to measure how they react to your flag variations. To define the actions you want to track, called events:

Click on the Metrics field.

Click Create new event.

Enter purchase for the Event Name, and the Event Key is automatically filled.

(Optional) Enter a Description. You want to know whether the new sorting flag helps customers figure out what to buy, so track whether the user makes a purchase after they are shown the products in a new order.

Click Create Event.

In the Add Metric modal, leave the defaults, measure increase in unique conversions.

Click Add Metric.

Leave the default Off variation as a control. Select the On variation you configured in Part 2:

Note You are not limited to two variations; you can also create A/B tests with multiple variations.

Click Save to create your A/B Test rule.

Click Run on the A/B test rule.

5. Run the A/B test

Ensure your ruleset's (flag's) status is Running, and the rule's status is Running so your experiment can run:

Click Run in Android Studio and answer the command-line prompts. Output displays similar to the following:

Flag on. User number 1496 saw flag variation: on and got products sorted by: popular_first config variable as part of flag rule: experiment_1
Pretend that user made a purchase? y/n
n
Optimizely didn't record a purchase in experiment results for user 1496


Flag off. User number 1194 saw flag variation: off and got products sorted by: alphabetical config variable as part of flag rule: experiment_1
Pretend that user made a purchase? y/n
y
Optimizely recorded a purchase in experiment results for user 1194


Flag off. User number 5815 saw flag variation: off and got products sorted by: alphabetical config variable as part of flag rule: experiment_1
Pretend that user made a purchase? y/n
y
Optimizely recorded a purchase in experiment results for user 5815


Flag on. User number 1248 saw flag variation: on and got products sorted by: popular_first config variable as part of flag rule: experiment_1
Pretend that user made a purchase? y/n
y
Optimizely recorded a purchase in experiment results for user 1248


Flag off. User number 9580 saw flag variation: off and got products sorted by: alphabetical config variable as part of flag rule: experiment_1
Pretend that user made a purchase? y/n
n
Optimizely didn't record a purchase in experiment results for user 9580


Done with your mocked A/B test.
Check out your report at  https://app.optimizely.com/v2/projects/<your-project-id>/reports
Be sure to select the environment that corresponds to your SDK key

6. See your A/B test results

Go to the Reports tab and select your experiment to see your results.

Your results should look similar:

Notes You might not see the exact user traffic percentages you configured for your flag variations until you have larger numbers of users.

You might not see your user traffic immediately. Refresh the browser to refresh traffic.

Your experiment results will not tell you a winning variation or declare statistical significance until you have a large number of users, on the order of 100,000.

7. How it works

For an A/B test, you need a way to tell Optimizely when a user made a purchase in your app and map this event in your application code to the specific event you created in Optimizely. Luckily the SDK has a method for that. Use the Track Event method and pass in the key for the event you created (purchase). In your sample application:

// Track how users behave when they see a flag variation
// for example, after your app processed a purchase, let Optimizely know what happened:
user.trackEvent("purchase");

Note Optionally add tags to your event to enrich it (not shown in your sample app). You can also use reserve tag keys like revenue to track quantitative results. For example:

Map tags = new HashMap<String, Object>();
tags.put("category", "shoes");
tags.put("revenue", 6432);

user.trackEvent("purchase", tags);

Conclusion

Congratulations! You configured and launched your first Feature Experimentation experiment using the Android SDK. While this example focused on optimizing sales, Optimizely’s experimentation platform can support an open-ended set of experimentation use cases.

See the complete Android SDK documentation to learn more ways to optimize your software using experimentation.